Can a Large Cargo Ship Be Converted into an Aircraft Carrier?

While the traditional method of converting a cargo ship into an aircraft carrier might initially seem feasible by simply installing catapults and arresting gear, history has shown us that this approach is not the most practical solution. However, it has been done. During the Falklands War in 1982, a peculiar conversion began when the Royal Navy decided to quickly transform a roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) ship into an auxiliary helicopter carrier. This effort aimed to equip the fleet with necessary assets to support the ground assault.

The Royal Navy's Conversion Plan

The Atlantic Conveyor was at the heart of this effort. It was a Ro/Ro ship that played a critical role in carrying the heavy-lift helicopters necessary for the landing force. Unfortunately, before it could be utilized, it was tragically sunk by two Exocet missiles, halting the intended operation and turning the ground action into a more challenging scenario.

Additional Readings

For more details, you can refer to Sandy Woodward’s Hundred Days and other accounts of the Falklands War. These sources provide a comprehensive perspective on the events and the strategic decisions that were made during the conflict.

Historical Evolution of Aircraft Carriers

The first aircraft carriers, often referred to as 'flat tops,' were initially created by modifying existing ships. The process involved trimming the ship's superstructure and fitting a runway on struts with a hangar space below, along with cranes or elevators to facilitate the movement of aircraft. This design worked well for aircraft with lower takeoff and landing speeds, often in the range of 70 knots or less, and similar stalling speeds. Today, with advancements in aircraft technology, including the introduction of more powerful engines, higher takeoff and landing speeds, and larger and heavier aircraft, purpose-built carriers are essential.

Modern aircraft carriers are specifically designed to handle heavier and faster aircraft. They feature two runways at an angle, significantly reducing the time required for launching and recovering aircraft. Traditional runways on land, whether general aviation or municipal, are typically much longer, ranging from 3,000 to 9,000 feet. The flight deck on an aircraft carrier, on the other hand, is a mere 300 feet in length, which is managed with the aid of catapults and arresting gear. These systems allow for simultaneous operations and perpetual activity on the deck.

Adding catapults or arresting gear to a cargo ship and converting it into an aircraft carrier is not a straightforward task. While the concept might seem appealing at first glance, practical challenges and the sheer scale of modifications needed make it a less efficient solution. Other existing designs include carriers with ski jumps or those specifically for helicopters and jet aircraft, but the conversion of a cruise or container ship into an aircraft carrier by merely bolting a flight deck onto it is not recommended.

The Russian Carrier and Its Innovations

Currently, naval architects and engineers are exploring new designs and technologies to make aircraft carrier operations more efficient and adaptable. One such example is the Russian carrier, which features the innovative capability of towing two ocean tugboats, enhancing its versatility and survivability. This design allows the carrier to sit on the sidelines, waiting for favorable conditions to launch missions. This innovative feature offers a unique solution to the challenges faced by traditional carriers.

Whether it's through historical conversions or modern innovations, the evolution of aircraft carriers continues to be a fascinating aspect of naval technology. Understanding the complexities of these powerful ships and their role in global maritime strategies is crucial for anyone interested in the future of naval warfare.

Conclusion

While the concept of converting a large cargo ship into an aircraft carrier might appear feasible, historical evidence and modern technological advancements demonstrate that this approach is not the most practical. The Royal Navy's conversion of the Atlantic Conveyor to an auxiliary helicopter carrier, albeit a significant effort, highlights the limitations of such modifications. Purpose-built carriers with advanced flight deck systems and specialized equipment are the preferred choice for modern naval operations.