Enhancing Public Transport Systems in Crowded Cities: A Case Study from India

India is a country teeming with population, where effective and efficient public transport systems are essential. This article explores the various public transport options available in densely populated cities and smaller towns, with a focus on their environmental impact and the practical solutions implemented in Kolkata.

Public Transport in Crowded Cities: A Practical Guide

When traveling in bustling cities like Delhi NCR, consider using the metro and bicycles whenever possible. The road traffic can be particularly infuriating during peak hours, making these alternatives not only more pleasant but also more sustainable.

The Role of Buses and Rapid Transit Systems

Buses and rapid transit systems, such as metro rail, play a crucial role in reducing emissions and minimizing traffic congestion, which in turn reduces air pollution. Unlike autos and taxis, public buses can significantly lower the number of vehicles on the road, thereby curbing air pollution.

For instance, the city of Kolkata faces the dual challenge of congestion and an outdated road network. Due to the unplanned urban expansion and a limited area of just 6% currently having roads, only 30% is recommended for a modern city. Despite this, the then administration recognized the need for a rapid mass transit system, planning such a project back in 1949. However, financial and technological limitations delayed the implementation until 1984, when India received its first underground metro railway system. Today, 50% of the local commuters use this system, significantly reducing traffic congestion on the roads.

The Success of Metro Rail in Delhi and Beyond

The success of Kolkata's metro rail system serves as a practical model for other Indian cities, such as Delhi and Chandigarh. In cities like Indore and Chandigarh, the use of private cars is generally acceptable, but other cities might benefit from introducing similar public transport options.

The implementation of such systems not only helps in managing congestion but also promotes the use of clean energy. Metro rail and bus systems can run on electricity, which is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. This shift towards clean energy sources helps in reducing the carbon footprint and combating air pollution, which is a growing concern in urban areas.

Conclusion

Effective public transport systems are vital for the sustainable development of crowded cities. By leveraging metro rails, buses, and other forms of public transportation, cities can significantly reduce traffic congestion and promote cleaner air. Kolkata's experience with the metro rail system provides a valuable blueprint for other Indian cities, highlighting the need for strategic planning and the adoption of modern public transport solutions.