Introduction to Dual Engine Failure Procedures

Handling a situation where both engines of a multi-engine aircraft fail during flight is one of the most critical situations a pilot can face. This article delves into the procedures and lessons learned in such scenarios, emphasizing the importance of early identification and quick decision-making.

Understanding the Basic Principles

Firstly, it's crucial to acknowledge that the immediate reaction to a dual engine failure typically involves stabilizing the aircraft. For multi-engine airplanes not classified as centerline airplanes, a failure of one engine can cause the aircraft to yaw towards the inoperative engine. The yaw is countered by using the rudder. However, twin-engine transport category airplanes usually cannot maintain cruise altitude with one engine inoperative. Therefore, the focus is often on reaching a suitable diversion airport as soon as possible.

Sustaining Flight with One Engine

Once a pilot determines they can reach a nearby airport, the next step is to make the most of the remaining engine. Depending on the design of the fuel system, a pilot might perform a cross feed of the fuel from the inoperative engine’s wing tank to the operating engine. Alternatively, they can open a cross flow valve to allow fuel to flow from the inoperative engine tank to the operating engine tank. It's also important to monitor the performance of the operational engine, as its load may increase significantly, leading to potential overheating or failure.

Air Start Procedure

In certain cases, pilots may attempt an air start of the inoperative engine. This process involves using the energy from the operating engine to turn the air intake fan, thus restarting the engine. However, this procedure is only viable if the engine has stopped due to fuel starvation or similar mechanical issues and not if it has experienced catastrophic failure.

Approaching and Landing with One Engine

As the aircraft approaches the intended diversion airport, the pilot will reduce thrust on the operating engine, following the one-engine-inoperative (OEI) landing checklist. This checklist typically involves adjusting fuel management, power settings, and potentially flap settings to ensure the aircraft can perform an engine-out missed approach. The pilot will also assess the feasibility of landing the aircraft safely, possibly with reduced flaps, to maintain the ability to execute a missed approach.

Post-Landing Procedures

After landing, the pilots will need to determine the best course of action. This may involve taxying to the parking area to deplane passengers or having the aircraft towed for maintenance. The priority, however, is safety and the well-being of the passengers on board.

A Personal Experience

What follows is a case study that illustrates the importance of understanding aircraft mechanics, particularly in critical situations. The incident occurred in a small independent flight school in 1960. The chief instructor, who was also the lead mechanic, taught pilots about the mechanics of the aircraft, including magneto timing and throttle operation. During a routine flight, the author experienced a dual engine failure due to deteriorating timing gears on both magneto systems.

By recognizing early signs of engine trouble and employing the skills learned, the author was able to keep the aircraft airborne and eventually land safely. The discovery of the fault led to a thorough inspection, ensuring the aircraft's safe operation in the future.

Key Takeaways

Recognize and address signs of engine trouble early. Understand the mechanics of your aircraft. Follow emergency checklists and procedures diligently. Communicate and coordinate effectively with the crew. Ensure thorough pre-flight and post-flight inspections.

This experience underscores the value of continuous learning and the importance of maintaining a high level of mechanical knowledge among pilots. Understanding these procedures can make a significant difference in ensuring the safety and successful outcome of such critical incidents.