Why Are Highways Called 'Highways'

Highways, freeways, and interstates are all terms used to describe major roads, but there are subtle differences in their meanings and origins. In this article, we'll explore the etymology of these terms, their modern usage, and the historical context behind them.

Historical Origins of Highways

Highways have a rich history that dates back thousands of years. The term lsquo;highwayrsquo; itself comes from the Old English word lsquo;haegeweg,rsquo; which means lsquo;hedgerow-roadrsquo; or lsquo;main ; This term has evolved over time to describe major roads used by governments, often for military and transportation purposes.

However, the concept of paved, straight roads with controlled access is a more recent development. The Roman Republic played a crucial role in the creation of these roads. Roman engineers built straight, raised roads that ran across their empire, facilitating the movement of troops and information. These roads were engineered to be dry even in wet weather, with drainage systems to divert water through the subgrade.

The term lsquo;mille pasuumrsquo; (a thousand paces) was used to mark distances on these roads, eventually evolving into the modern lsquo;; Many of these ancient Roman roads are still in use today, with the original paving stones intact.

Modern Usage and Differences

Today, the term lsquo;highwayrsquo; is used to describe major roads that link significant urban areas or geographical features. These roads are typically engineered for higher speeds and may or may not have center barriers, controlled entrances, or tolls.

Expressways, freeways, and interstates are closely related but have distinct characteristics. An lsquo;expresswayrsquo; is essentially the same as a highway, but it always has controlled entrances and exits and a center divider separating traffic in opposite directions. A lsquo;freewayrsquo; is like an expressway but does not necessarily have controlled entrances and exists. Interstates are a subset of highways and expressways that connect different states.

Toll Roads and Turnpikes

Another type of road is the toll road or turnpike. These roads, like the original turnpikes in England, were initially constructed to charge fees for travel. The original turnpikes in England included routes from London to the Borders (Berwick-upon-Tweed or Carlisle), Dunstable to Holyhead (for Dublin), Bristol (for Wales and the Southwest), and Dover (for the Continent).

A turnpike is characterized by a gate or a pike (a long pole) that could be raised to block passage until payment was made. Even today, some toll roads feature gates or booths where drivers can pay before continuing their journey.

In contrast, a lsquo;freewayrsquo; is a road free of tolls, with at least two lanes, easy curves, and limited access points that are often elevated or sunken below the road. This design facilitates smooth, uninterrupted travel and is often used for long-distance journeys.

Conclusion

The terms lsquo;highway, rsquo; lsquo;freeway, rsquo; and lsquo;interstatersquo; have evolved over time, reflecting the changing needs of transportation and society. From ancient Roman roads to modern freeways, these paths of travel continue to shape our world. Understanding their origins and differences can help us appreciate the engineering and history behind the roads we drive on every day.