How Pilots Manage Engine Failure on Twin-Engine Aircraft

Introduction to Engine Failure on Twin-Engine Planes

When an engine fails on a twin-engine plane, the situation can be critical but is manageable with the right techniques and a well-trained crew. Pilots use a series of maneuvers to maintain control of the aircraft, ensuring it can continue to fly safely. This article will guide you through the steps pilots take to handle an engine failure on a twin-engine plane.

Understanding Asymmetrical Thrust

When one engine fails, asymmetrical thrust causes the aircraft to yaw towards the side of the inoperative engine. The pilot must counteract this yaw to maintain straight flight. This is not unlike trying to paddle a canoe from one side, but in three dimensions.

Using Rudder Input

To counteract the yaw caused by asymmetrical thrust, the pilot applies rudder input towards the functioning engine. This helps maintain stability and prevents the aircraft from rolling towards the inoperative engine. Quick action is crucial during this phase to ensure the aircraft remains on track.

Maintaining Airspeed

Maintaining a safe airspeed is critical. Pilots often refer to this as the decision speed, typically between 120 and 150 knots. Maintaining this speed allows the aircraft to stay aloft and move towards a safe landing site. Reducing airspeed can lead to a rapid descent and loss of control.

Configuration Management

Pilots may adjust the aircraft's configuration to optimize performance while maintaining control. This can involve retracting flaps and slats to reduce drag and improve climb performance. However, careful management is necessary to avoid reducing lift, especially at lower speeds, as this can lead to a stall.

Climb Performance and Emergency Procedures

Depending on the aircraft and its weight, the pilot may be able to climb with one engine. This is known as single-engine climb performance, which is a crucial skill for pilots to master. Additionally, following established emergency procedures is essential, including shutting down the failed engine if not already done and preparing for a possible emergency landing.

Communicating with Air Traffic Control (ATC)

The pilot will notify ATC of the engine failure to receive assistance. ATC can provide vectors for a safe return to the airport or to an alternate landing site. Clear communication is key in these high-stress situations to ensure a smooth resolution.

Deciding on a Landing Approach

If unable to continue to the destination, the pilot will prepare for an emergency landing. This involves selecting an appropriate airport, configuring the aircraft for landing with one engine, and ensuring all necessary emergency protocols are followed.

Conclusion

Managing an engine failure in a twin-engine aircraft is a complex task that relies heavily on the pilot’s training, knowledge of aircraft systems, and adherence to established procedures. With proper technique and training, pilots can safely control the aircraft and land it even with one engine inoperative. It is a testament to the skill and professionalism of pilots that they can handle such critical situations effectively.

Twin-Engine Aircraft Capabilities

Twin-engine aircraft, particularly transport-category aircraft, are designed to be able to fly on one engine under all conditions. This capability is tested in real-world scenarios, including handling a "V1" cut (losing an engine at takeoff). The aircraft must be able to lose an engine at takeoff, continue accelerating, and become airborne, clearing the runway by at least 50 feet or more, depending on regulations.

Specifically, the aircraft needs to be able to lose an engine at the decision speed (V1) and continue accelerating to reach a safe altitude. The runway required for takeoff is calculated for a single-engine takeoff, providing pilots with plenty of runway for a normal takeoff with all engines running.

Normal versus General Aviation

While commercial aviation has the advantage of well-trained pilots and stringent safety standards, general aviation pilots may face different challenges. Private planes are not required to limit loading or have a long enough runway to survive an engine failure. This can lead to poorer outcomes in the event of an engine failure compared to commercial aviation.