Tabletop Runways: Understanding the Hazards and Risks

The recent ill-fated crash of an Air India Express flight at Karipur, India, has once again brought into focus the controversial role of tabletop runways in aviation. These runways, which are often constructed by excavating hills to create a flat surface, pose significant challenges to pilots. This article delves into the nature of tabletop runways, their unique hazards, and the steps taken to mitigate these risks.

What are Tabletop Runways?

A tabletop runway is a runway located on the top of a plateau or hill, with one or both ends adjacent to a steep precipice. This design creates a notable optical illusion for pilots, making landing seem as if they are at the same level as the plains below. This illusion requires a very precise approach, making these airports particularly challenging to navigate. While these runways offer significant benefits such as minimizing construction costs and providing proximity to high-altitude locations, they also present substantial risks, as evidenced by the tragic crash at Karipur.

Why Are Tabletop Runways Prone to Accidents?

The primary risk associated with tabletop runways is their steep drops at one or both ends. These steep drops serve as a reminder of the inherent dangers involved. When pilots are under- or overshoot their landing approach due to human error or mechanical failure, the consequences can be devastating. For instance, during the recent Air India Express crash, it was speculated that low visibility may have played a role, but the tabletop runway itself significantly increased the risk of a catastrophic outcome.

Significant Incidents Involving Tabletop Runways

The Air India Express incident is far from an isolated case. In 2010, Air India Express Flight 812 from Dubai to Mangalore also crashed on landing at the tabletop runway of Mangalore airport, highlighting the persistent risks associated with this runway type. These incidents underscore the need for stringent safety measures and enhanced pilot training when operating aircraft on tabletop runways.

The Role of Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers

Pilots and air traffic controllers must exercise great caution when using tabletop runways. Pilots require precision approaches with little to no room for error due to the lack of a margin for overshooting the runway. The optical illusion created by the flat, table-like surface can be misleading, making it crucial for pilots to maintain accurate and precise control during the landing approach. Air traffic controllers play a vital role in providing real-time updates and ensuring that the runway environment is as safe as possible.

Enhancing Safety on Tabletop Runways

To mitigate the risks associated with tabletop runways, various measures can be implemented. These include:

Extensive Pilot Training: Pilots should undergo specialized training specific to tabletop runways. This training should cover the unique challenges and risks associated with landing on these runways. Safety Equipment: Enhanced safety equipment, such as emergency landing gear, anti-skid systems, and advanced communication technology, can help mitigate the risks during an emergency landing. Runway Surface Markings: Clear and visible markings on the runway can help pilots maintain their position and approach direction, reducing the risk of overshooting or undershooting the landing zone. Continuous Monitoring: Real-time monitoring of weather conditions and runway surface conditions can help in making informed decisions about takeoffs and landings.

Conclusion

Tabletop runways, while offering significant benefits in certain geographic locations, also present unique and substantial risks to aviation safety. The recent tragic incidents at Air India Express and earlier at Mangalore serve as stark reminders of the perils associated with these runways. By understanding the challenges and implementing robust safety measures, it is possible to reduce the risks and ensure safer operations at these challenging airports.