The Great Race: Who Won the Transcontinental Railroad?

The Central Pacific Railroad began its journey from Sacramento, California, moving eastward, while the Union Pacific Railroad set out from Omaha, Nebraska, heading westward. These two ambitious tracks finally connected in the Uinta Mountains of Utah Territory on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, a pivotal moment in American history.

Dubbed the Oregon Trail, the transcontinental railroad revolutionized travel across the United States. Previously, a cross-country journey took months, but passengers could now complete the trip in just a few days. However, the question remains: which railroad laid more track, and what challenges did each face?

The Union Pacific Railroad (UP) laid a bit over 1,000 miles of track from Omaha to Promontory. Conversely, the Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) laid a bit under 600 miles from Sacramento to Promontory. While the Union Pacific faced challenges in the rugged Rocky Mountains, the Central Pacific had its own difficulties, such as the steep terrain of the Sierra Nevada.

Building the Transcontinental Railroad: A Herculean Task

The construction of the transcontinental railroad was an extraordinary feat. Work commenced in January 1863 and concluded in May 1869. During these six years, railroad workers encountered significant labor and material shortages, especially during the Civil War years. However, the completion of the project in such a short period is nothing short of remarkable.

Origins and Challenges

The idea of a transcontinental railroad did not emerge until the discovery of gold in California in 1848. Initially, several surveys were conducted in the 1850s, but the division of the United States into free and slave states in Congress hindered agreement on a route. It wasn’t until the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that Congress finally authorized the construction of the transcontinental railroad.

The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 provided funds and land grants for the construction, and by 1869, the transcontinental railroad was operational. However, the original route has undergone numerous changes, with improvements such as straightening the tracks, replacing trestles with fills, and the construction of tunnels.

Conclusion

The transcontinental railroad serves as a symbol of American ingenuity and perseverance. The completion of this monumental project marked the beginning of a new era in transportation and facilitated the westward expansion of the United States. Whether it was the Union Pacific tackling the Rockies or the Central Pacific conquering the Sierra, both railroads played a crucial role in this defining moment in American history.