The Impact of Bursting Crackers on Diwali on Air Quality and Environmental Health

The celebration of Diwali, the Festival of Lights, involves the traditional practice of bursting crackers across many Asian countries. This practice has a significant impact on air quality and environmental health, causing various forms of pollution, including particulate matter, harmful gases, and a depletion of the ozone layer.

The Air Pollutants Released by Bursting Crackers

During the bursting of crackers, oxides and dioxides of sulfur and nitrogen are released. These compounds are extremely harmful both to human health and the environment. They contribute to air pollution, leading to a myriad of health issues, including respiratory problems, and also contribute to environmental degradation by contaminating soil and water sources.

The Limited Impact in Certain Areas

In certain areas like New Bombay, the limited bursting of crackers on Diwali did not cause any significant problems. Observations in such areas show that with reduced cracker usage, the pollution levels remain relatively stable, often with minimal spikes in particulate matter and other harmful pollutants. However, this is a noteworthy exception rather than the rule.

Air and Noise Pollution

Bursting firecrackers not only pollutes the air but also creates a significant noise pollution problem. This is of particular concern as it affects both human and non-human animals. According to a special report by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), almost all pollutants reported higher values on Diwali and pre-Diwali days in the year under study as compared to 2019. This increase in pollution levels is not justified by the claim of stubble burning being the primary cause, as stubble burning occurs every year and maintains a consistent level of pollution.

Health Implications and Environmental Concerns

Bursting crackers depletes the ozone layer and reduces oxygen levels, which can be particularly harmful during times of already high pollution like the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. The increase in particulate matter and other pollutants can exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular problems, leading to a higher burden on healthcare systems.

Changes in Bacterial Levels

Recent studies have also shown changes in bacterial levels following the firing of crackers. An average of 1904 ± 2.5 CFU/m3 of bacteria was recorded prior to Diwali. This level was reduced by 53.23% on Diwali and then increased by 27.37% after Diwali. These fluctuations in bacterial levels further underscore the detrimental impact of cracker usage on air quality and microbiological balance.

Conclusion

The tradition of bursting crackers during Diwali remains a contentious issue in the modern era. While it holds cultural and historical significance, the environmental and health impacts of this celebration cannot be overlooked. Reducing cracker usage or exploring alternatives could help mitigate these negative effects and preserve the health of both people and the planet.