The Invention and Early History of Traffic Lights

The history of traffic lights is a fascinating journey that began long before the electric era. From the first manual signal in London to the first electric traffic light in Salt Lake City, the evolution of traffic management systems has dramatically transformed urban mobility.

1868 - The First Manual Signal in London

In December 10, 1868, history was made in London when a manually operated gas-lit signal was installed near the Houses of Parliament. This pioneering device, although primitive, marked the beginning of modern traffic control systems. However, it did not last long as it exploded just a month after its installation, highlighting the limitations and risks associated with early signaling technology.

1912 - The First Electric Traffic Light in Salt Lake City

Fast forward to the early 20th century, and the story of traffic lights took a new turn. In Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1912, police officer Lester Wire designed the first electric traffic light. This innovation was a significant leap from the gas-lit signal, paving the way for safer and more efficient traffic management. While the concept was straightforward, it marked the beginning of a new era in urban planning and safety measures.

1914 - The First Electric Traffic Signal System in Cleveland

The first electric traffic signal system was introduced in Cleveland, Ohio on August 5, 1914. This pioneering system was created by James Hoge, and it marked a significant step in the evolution of traffic lights. The system featured two-color red and green lights, in addition to a buzzer that signaled the impending change of light. This design not only enhanced traffic flow but also provided a safety mechanism for emergency vehicles like police and fire stations.

1918 - Three-Color Signals in New York

By 1918, the technology had further advanced, leading to the installation of three-color traffic signals in New York City. These signals were operated manually from a tower, positioned in the middle of the street. This development was crucial in making traffic management more systematic and efficient, marking a significant milestone in the history of traffic lights.