The Role of United States Marshals in Escorting Military Convoys Carrying Nuclear Components

The role of a United States Marshal in escorting a military convoy carrying nuclear components is to ensure the safety and security of the convoy and its sensitive cargo. This involves a range of key responsibilities that are crucial for the integrity of such operations.

Security Coordination

Marshals work closely with military personnel to coordinate security measures. This includes planning the route, establishing communication protocols, and identifying potential threats. Effective coordination ensures that the convoy remains safe throughout its journey, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or interference.

Protection of Personnel

A primary responsibility is the safety of all personnel involved in the convoy. This includes military members, non-military personnel, and any civilians that may be present. Marshals must be vigilant and proactive in ensuring the well-being of everyone on the convoy.

Crowd Control

When the convoy travels through populated areas, U.S. Marshals may manage crowd control to prevent unauthorized access and protect public safety. This ensures that the cybersecurity and safety of the convoy are maintained, even in areas where crowds may gather.

Legal Authority

Marshals have law enforcement authority, which allows them to enforce federal laws and regulations. This includes those related to the transport of hazardous materials like nuclear components. Their legal authority is essential in maintaining the security and compliance of the convoy.

Incident Response

Marshals are trained to respond effectively to emergencies such as accidents or security breaches. They can implement evacuation procedures and coordinate with other law enforcement agencies to ensure the safety of all involved.

Documentation and Reporting

Documentation and reporting are critical components of the escort mission. Marshals ensure that the transport process is compliant with legal requirements and document any incidents or irregularities that arise.

Historical Context: Early Operations

The United States Marshal's service began escorting USAF missile systems from USAF sites in June 1975. This practice originated in 1973 when the USAF requested assistance from the Marshals for transportation. After two years of discussions, the USAF agreed to reimburse the Marshals for these incurred costs and signed an Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).

A cadre of 12 deputy Marshals was assigned to this task, providing security for USAF personnel and assets during the transportation of the materials from six remote sites. By 1978, these deputy Marshals escorted around 1000 Minuteman II and III systems.

However, it is uncertain whether this practice is still conducted today. Currently, nuclear components are transported exclusively by the Office of Secure Transportation (OST) within the U.S. Department of Energy.

Current Operations and Protocols

The OST operates a fleet of 42 tractor-trailers, staffed by highly armed couriers, many of whom are veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Collectively, these convoys travel approximately 3 million miles per year, hauling nuclear weapons and their parts.

The high-security trailers used by the OST present formidable obstacles to potential intruders. These include shock-delivering systems, thick walls that ooze immobilizing foam, and axles designed to explode to prevent a trailer from being towed away.

Incoming agents undergo 21 months of training at Fort Chaffee in Arkansas, focusing on how to counter a roadside attack by terrorists aiming to steal a weapon. These couriers must pass yearly psychological and medical assessments to maintain their qualifications.

The Role of the Military in Convoys

While the U.S. military assists in escorting convoys via the MST certified team, the high-security transportation of nuclear components is primarily the responsibility of the Office of Secure Transportation. The personnel in these convoys are OST operatives, not military members.

Conclusion

United States Marshals play a crucial role in maintaining the security of sensitive military operations involving nuclear materials. This includes coordinating security measures, ensuring the safety of all personnel, managing crowd control, and effectively responding to emergencies. Their expertise is vital in safeguarding nuclear components during transportation.