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The Transformation of Bengaluru: From a Garden City to a Megacity

April 22, 2025Transportation1621
The Transformation of Bengaluru: From a Garden City to a Megacity Bang

The Transformation of Bengaluru: From a Garden City to a Megacity

Bangalore, known today as Bengaluru, has undergone significant changes over the past 100 years. Much like many other cities, its evolution has been marked by rapid growth in various aspects such as population, economy, and urbanization. Here, we examine the key changes that have occurred and how the city has transformed from a peaceful garden city to a bustling megacity.

Historical Background

Bengaluru is a city steeped in history and tradition. It was once known as a 'paradise for retired government professionals,' owing to its tranquil and serene environment. However, over the decades, the city has seen monumental changes, embodying the fast pace and technological advancements of modern India.

Recalling the city from the 1960s and beyond, Mr. Rajesh, a lifelong resident, shares his experiences:

"I first came to Bengaluru in 1974. The city's population was around 20 lakhs then. Today, it is nearly 100 lakhs, if not more. Only 8 percent of the area was built up in 1973, with 68 percent covered in greenery. It was truly a Garden city. For context, my rudimentary pieces of rent and expenses from those days have been detailed below:"strong>

Key Changes in Bengaluru

Population Growth: One of the most evident changes is the population explosion. Bengaluru, a city with a rich history of being a smaller town, has now grown to accommodate over 8.5 million people. Many moved to the city for work and education, contributing to this massive growth.

Economic Growth: Bengaluru has transformed into a major economic hub. It has become home to numerous companies and industries, earning the nickname 'Silicon Valley of India.' This has contributed to the city's vibrant economy and overall growth.

Urbanization: The city has undergone rapid urbanization, leading to a significant reduction in green spaces. Lakes and water bodies have dried up, and the once-green city now faces challenges related to pollution and traffic congestion.

Infrastructure and Development: The city's infrastructure has seen tremendous improvement. New landmarks and buildings have been constructed, while historic sites remain. However, this urban sprawl has also led to a noticeable change in the quality of life for residents.

Resident Accounts

Mr. Rajesh, who lived in Bengaluru during the 1960s and 1970s, explains his experience:

"We were in Bangalore during 1967-68 when I was 7 years old. We were in Madras during 1968-1970. We were in Ahmedabad during 1970-72. We were in Bhopal during 1972-75. I was in Mumbai during 1980-84. Now I am staying in Navi Mumbai for the last 35 years. I visited all the places where I lived in my childhood, and I could not recognize any places due to the great changes."

Mr. Rajesh's recollections paint a vivid picture of the rapid changes that have taken place. These transformations, while beneficial in many ways, have also brought challenges such as traffic congestion and pollution.

Data and Statistics

"As of 1973, only 8 percent of the area was built up, with 68 percent covered in greenery. This stark comparison with today’s situation exemplifies the urbanization process. To illustrate this, let's look at a few data points:"strong>

Land Use:

1973: 8% built-up area, 68% greenery 2023: 35% built-up area, 25% greenery (Source: Prof. T.V Ramachandra, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore)

Transportation:

1975: Rent for a single bedroom house in Jayanagar 7th block was Rs 180. Salary was Rs 750 per month. 1975: Nandini Milk cost Rs 1.10 per litre and petrol sold at Rs 3.11 per litre. 1975: I bought a brand new Yezdi motorcycle for Rs 6250/-. 1975: Auto fares were 45 paise per km, and the minimum fare was 75 paise. Bus fare from Jayanagar to Majestic was 25 paise. 1975: Movie ticket at a posh, air-conditioned theatre like Santosh/Nartaki Galaxy cost Rs 3.50, and popcorn sold at 50 paise per packet. 1975: All roads supported two-way traffic. No flyovers existed. 1975: A 640 feet site in Jayanagar Tee block cost Rs 45000/-.

Conclusion

Bengaluru has undergone a remarkable transformation from a small, tranquil garden city to a bustling megacity. While the city has grown in terms of population, economy, and infrastructure, it has also faced challenges such as urbanization, traffic congestion, and pollution. Despite these changes, key locations and landmarks continue to shape the city's identity.

As Bengaluru continues to evolve, it is crucial to balance growth with sustainable practices to ensure that the city remains livable and attractive for future generations.

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