How Did the Merchant Marines Play a Major Role in World War II?

During World War II, the Merchant Marines were essential to the Allied war effort. Their contributions were invaluable in supplying the troops and delivering essential supplies across vast oceans and seas. Unfortunately, their significant role was often overlooked and undervalued, especially in the recognition post-war. It was not until the 1980s that the Merchant Mariners were granted veteran status, a fact that remains an historic outrage.

To truly appreciate the nature of World War II, one must understand the logistical challenges faced by the Allies. The ability to span oceans and seas was crucial for both supply and troop deployment. The Axis powers were defeated through overwhelming force and materiel, nearly all of which had to be delivered by ship. The Merchant Marine played a vital role in this effort. These men were tough and courageous, facing dangerous waters filled with enemy submarines, surface raiders, and mines under all conditions. They sailed in convoys or alone, knowing full well that they were targets for attack. Despite these challenges, they persevered, unsung and unrecognized, but deeply appreciated by all who understood the sources of their food, ammunition, equipment, and vehicles.

The Scale of Sacrifice

The loss of life among Merchant Mariners was significant. According to the U.S. National World-War-Two Museum, from 1939 to 1945, the United States lost 9,521 merchant seamen. This loss of life was higher than that in any branch of the armed forces. Their importance cannot be overstated; without supplies, fighting a war is nearly impossible.

A Role That Transcended Borders

The Merchant Mariners played a crucial role not only in supplying Britain but also in supporting Russia. The Battle of the Atlantic and the North Sea were critical theaters where the Merchant Marines faced immense perils. The book "The Good Shepherd" by C.S. Forester provides an excellent insight into their experiences. This book is set during a period of the Battle of the Atlantic and depicts the dangerous missions of small fleets protected by destroyers. Many Merchant Mariners perished in the freezing waters, highlighting the grim reality of their role.

The Perils of Cargo Transport

Crossing the Atlantic often meant encountering "wolf packs," or groups of German U-boats. Allied planes, known as "sub busters," could only travel so far, making the protection of these convoys critical. Convoy systems were designed with 30 ships carrying soldiers, oil, food, armaments, and everything Britain needed to wage the war. As the war progressed, the Merchant Marines were tasked with supplying Russia by sea, facing the harassment of ships like the Tirpitz.

Unsung Heroes and Cultural Recognition

The Merchant Mariners are often referred to as unsung heroes. Their contributions went largely unrecognized during and after the war. The Tom Hanks movie "Greyhound" is based on the story depicted in "The Good Shepherd," capturing the grim, yet necessary, reality of their service. This film serves as a poignant reminder of their sacrifices and the vital role they played in the larger context of World War II.

The Merchant Marines' role in World War II was essential, and their contributions should not be forgotten. Their bravery and sacrifice were a crucial part of the Allied victory. It is important to remember and honor the Merchant Mariners who made the ultimate sacrifice to keep the supply lines open and ensure the Allied forces had the support they needed.