Understanding Submarine Anchors: Insights from Sea Trials and Experience

Contrary to popular belief, not all submarines eschew the use of anchors entirely. This article explores the truth behind whether submarines have anchors, discussing the historical examples of submarines like NR-1 and USS Nautilus, as well as the operational realities and the specific purpose of submarine anchors.

Do Submarines Use Anchors?

The primary function of anchors is to secure ships to the seabed, providing stability and enabling maintenance or loading/unloading operations. However, due to their operational nature, submarines handle situation differently. Unlike surface ships, submarines do not typically rely on anchors to secure themselves to the seabed. Instead, they use ballast systems to control their buoyancy and depth, and thrusters for maneuvering.

NR-1: A Special Case

Gregory J. Stanosz, a nuclear trained crew member of NR-1 from 1976 to 1978, offers an insightful perspective. NR-1 did have an anchor, a feature that sets it apart from the general capabilities of other submarines. NR-1, a small nuclear-powered submarine, had the ability to anchor when making a port call, typically when the water at the pier or wharf is too shallow for the boat to moor or when it's impossible to find a spot.

Operational Use of Submarine Anchors

Submarine anchors, when used, are typically employed for maintaining position in a harbor or on the water. As Stanosz explains, these anchors are of the fluked type, designed to reduce flow noise while also being safely stored in the submarine's hull. An anchor like the one seen on his living room wall, though humorous, accurately depicts the anchor and its associated windlass and chain locker.

Key Components and Functionality

The anchor windlass, driven by a hydraulic motor, has a clutch and brake. To prevent inadvertent unhousing of the anchor, a Blake Slip is engaged onto the anchor chain. This ensures that the anchor remains securely in place when the submarine is submerged. The Blake Slip can only be removed when the submarine is positioned near the surface, allowing for safe access under the casing for maintenance. The anchor is typically moved only in harbor or dock for maintenance.

Alternative Solutions

When a submarine cannot get into a harbor for unavoidable reasons, it has two primary options: moving in a figure-eight motion to maintain position or tying up to a buoy. The Delta Buoy is a popular choice. This method allows the submarine to maintain its position without the need for anchoring.

Conclusion

The debate over whether submarines use anchors often stems from a lack of understanding of the operational realities of these vessels. While most submarines do not rely on anchors in the traditional sense, specialized cases like NR-1 do exist. Understanding the history and operational needs of these vessels helps dispel misconceptions and highlights the unique capabilities of modern submarines.

By exploring these concepts, we gain a deeper appreciation for the sophistication of submarine design and the complexities of their operations. Whether through the use of ballast systems, thrusters, or alternative methods, submarines are designed to handle a wide range of situations while ensuring safety and mission success.