Understanding the Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) on Indian Railways

The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) on Indian Railways varies significantly depending on the type of train, track conditions, and specific routes. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of the speeds permitted for various train services, including passenger, freight, and special trains.

Types of Trains and Their Speeds

Passenger Trains: For the majority of passenger trains, the MPS is typically around 110 to 130 km/h (68 to 81 mph). However, high-speed trains such as the Gatimaan Express can operate at speeds up to 160 km/h (99 mph).

Freight Trains: The MPS for freight trains is generally lower, ranging from 75 to 100 km/h (47 to 62 mph), depending on the type of goods being transported and the track conditions.

Special Trains: High-speed trains like the Vande Bharat Express are capable of reaching speeds of up to 180 km/h (112 mph) on specific routes. Other special trains may have different permissible speeds, tailored to the route and infrastructure.

Influencing Factors on Train Speeds

The maximum permissible speed limit for trains depends on two primary factors: the type of rake used in the train and the route on which it travels. The rake refers to the type of formation in which the carriages are arranged. Here's a detailed breakdown:

Rake Types and Their Speeds

ICF Rakes: The maximum permissible speed for trains with ICF (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation) rakes is 110 kmph, regardless of the route. For example, even if a route can handle trains travelling at 130 kmph, the ICF rake-equipped trains will not exceed 110 kmph. ICF rakes are commonly used in slower, long-distance passenger services. These trains are often distinguished by their traditional appearance and amenities.

LHB Rakes (Limited Height Berth): Trains with LHB rakes can travel at a maximum speed of 160 kmph, but the maximum permissible speed is usually 130 kmph, which is route-dependent. LHB rakes are widely used in high-speed passenger trains like Rajdhanis, Shatabdis, and many Durontos. This type of rake is known for its advanced features and modern design, making it suitable for faster journeys. Due to regional regulations, LHB trains may need to adhere to lower speed limits on certain routes.

Hybrid LHB Rakes: Hybrid LHB rakes combine the benefits of both ICF and LHB designs. While their speed capabilities are similar to LHB rakes, they offer a balanced combination of comfort and speed. These rakes are used in various services, including high-speed and standard-speed trains.

Special High-Speed Trains

Three notable exceptions are the Vande Bharatam Express, which can run at a maximum speed of 180 kmph on certain routes but is limited to 160 kmph on others. The Vande Bharatam Express is the most advanced and fastest train in India, known for its high-speed performance and modern amenities. It connects key cities such as Varanasi to New Delhi.

The Bhopal Shatabdi Express is another high-speed train, which operates at a maximum speed of 150 kmph between New Delhi and Agra. While it surpasses the 130 kmph limit of LHB rakes, it is still subject to specific route restrictions.

The Gatimaan Express is the fastest of these exceptions, with a top speed of 160 kmph. It runs between Nizamuddin and Agra, a shorter distance than the Vande Bharatam Express but still subject to regional speed limitations.

MPS and Infrastructure Upgrades

MPS can be subject to change based on infrastructure upgrades, safety regulations, and technological advancements. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it is advisable to consult the official Indian Railways sources.

As per the specifications designed by the Railway Board for trunk routes on Broad gauge tracks, the design speed for the new track is 160 km/hr, but the maximum permissible speed is typically 120 km/hr.

Conclusion

Understanding the Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) on Indian Railways is crucial for passengers, shippers, and rail enthusiasts. The speed limits for trains are determined by the type of rake and the route, and can vary based on infrastructure improvements and safety regulations. For the latest and most accurate information, always refer to official Indian Railways sources.