What is Bingo Fuel in Aviation: Definition, Origin and Significance

Bingo fuel is a term primarily used in aviation to denote the minimum amount of fuel required for a safe landing and return to base. Pilots often use this term to indicate that they have flown to the halfway point of their mission and are running on reserve fuel. This is a critical point in the flight where any unexpected delays or issues could lead to an emergency landing. Understanding the concept of bingo fuel is crucial for pilots, air traffic controllers, and aviation professionals.

What Does Bingo Fuel Mean?

Bingo fuel is essentially the point at which a pilot has used up all allowable fuel for the mission and must begin their return to base immediately. Typically, this means the aircraft has sufficient fuel to cover approximately 30 to 45 minutes of flight time. Pilots are expected to land as soon as possible and initiate a safe return to their base.

The Origin of the Term "Bingo Fuel"

The term "bingo fuel" has its roots in military aviation. It was chosen as a form of civilian slang to refer to the minimum fuel required for a comfortable and safe return to base. The exact origin of the term is uncertain, but it is believed to have no relation to the popular game of bingo, which is why it might seem unusual.

According to the FAASTeam Safety Notice dated July 31, 2012, "Bingo Fuel is military slang for the minimum fuel required for a comfortable and safe return to base." It clarifies that this term does not indicate an emergency fuel condition. The notice further states that while the phrase might be used, it does not lead to a change in air traffic controller instructions. Pilots are expected to complete a normal landing.

Real-World Examples of Bingo Fuel

The concept of bingo fuel is not just theoretical. In a real-world example cited by the FAASTeam Safety Notice, a C-210 aircraft landed on the active runway after being told to go around twice by the tower due to insufficient separation from a preceding aircraft. This illustrates the importance of adhering to bingo fuel protocols to ensure a safe return to base.

Historical Anecdotes Involving Bingo Fuel

There are interesting anecdotes that highlight the human aspect of the bingo fuel concept. One such story involves a wealthy individual who enjoyed the thrill of flying near the brink of fuel starvation. He would fill his helicopter with a specific amount of fuel, fly out over the ocean, and try to make it back to shore. This hobby challenged him to fly as economically as possible, pushing the limits of his piloting skills.

The Tale of John Lear: A Flying Legend

A more adventurous example is that of John Lear, son of Bill Lear, who is known for his remarkable feats in aviation. In the 1970s, John Lear flew a Learjet from Hawaii to Los Angeles, despite not having enough fuel to make the journey. About 200 miles from L.A., he managed to catch a wake from a commercial airliner and was towed by it all the way to L.A. He then landed at Van Nuys airport, demonstrating both his skill and the limits of modern aviation.

These examples illustrate the significance of bingo fuel in aviation and the importance of adhering to it to ensure safety and successful mission completion.