Why Hamas Builds Extensive Terror Tunnels in Gaza

Hamas, the Palestinian militant group, has constructed over 500 kilometers of underground tunnels in Gaza. These tunnels serve as a crucial component of their asymmetric warfare strategy. Tunnels are a cost-effective and effective method to protect fighters and evade the detection and attacks from the Israeli Defense Force (IDF).

Why Tunnels Are a Strategic Choice

Tunnels are a popular choice in asymmetric warfare because they offer a low-cost way to protect troops and their movements, especially when facing an adversary with extensive air strike and artillery capabilities. Hamas has limited munitions and infrastructure, and resources are typically restricted in Gaza, particularly those with potential military applications. This makes the construction of comprehensive tunnel systems a necessity for Hamas.

Construction and Personnel

Hamas has dedicated foreign aid money to construct these tunnels. They make extensive use of the few resources available, such as concrete and manpower. This construction is often conducted by civilians, including children, who are paid a modest amount to dig. The tunnels are longer than 500 kilometers, serving multiple purposes such as weapon manufacturing, movement of supplies, hostage holding, and headquarters.

Functionalities of the Tunnels

The tunnels are equipped with essential features like generators, oxygen vents, electrical systems, and reinforced walls. These facilities allow Hamas to sustain their operations within these underground structures. This infrastructure is extensive and essential not just for security but also for other aspects such as communication and movement of resources.

Moreover, the tunnels are used for asymmetric warfare strategies, providing Hamas with a means to prepare for battle, conduct hit-and-run attacks, and use human shields above ground. Civilians, including schools and hospitals, are used as cover to conceal the ongoing construction and operations.

Tactical Significance

Hamas employs these tunnels as a tactical countermeasure against the IDF, which is one of the strongest and best-equipped armies supported by world powers like the USA and Europe. Given the limitations Hamas faces, including the lack of crafts and anti-aircraft weapons, the construction of tunnels is the only practical method to counter the Israeli military.

Economic Aspect and Civilian Impact

While Hamas emphasizes the strategic importance of these tunnels, it is essential to note the economic context. Approximately 50% of the population in Gaza is unemployed, and digging tunnels provides a form of employment. Workers are paid about 5 USD per day, making it an invaluable job opportunity.

Despite the potential economic benefits, the use of human shields and the living conditions in these tunnels have raised significant ethical concerns. The tunnels, while providing tactical advantages, also serve as a means of survival for Hamas fighters and hostages, leading to a situation that can be described as inhumane.

These tunnels, while serving as a means to evade detection and provide protection, may ultimately become a grave for the terrorists who use them. As the IDF continues to develop strategies to target these tunnels, their effectiveness as a tactical advantage may diminish.

In conclusion, the extensive tunnel construction by Hamas in Gaza is a multifaceted issue. It serves as a practical and strategic necessity in the face of limited resources and heavy Israeli military pressure, but it also raises serious ethical concerns regarding human rights and the overall humanitarian situation in Gaza.